Its a Wonderful life Essay Example For Students

Its a Wonderful life Essay Its a Wonderful Life Picture a small kid brimming with life and bliss. The affection for his folks appears through his eyes, grin, and tears. A few people might want to ponder a youngster are actually what make life superb. Individuals who believe that way have no clue about how right they are. Its a brilliant life to realize that your folks dreams live on in you. The fantasy of a mother; that her child will be a specialist. The fantasy of a dad; that his child will sometime turn into a significant association baseball player. Above all else in the end, that a kid can say as a man, Its a Wonderful Life. Its a Wonderful Life are genuine anecdotes about occasions that occurred in my life that will be with me until the end of time. I can recollect when I was a young man, I played my first round of baseball. My granddad rehearsed with me the entire week before the game. Getting and tossing that baseball appeared to be a ball in my little hands. My granddad told me the best way to put my feet in the players box and how to bat. From that day on, I was infatuated with the sport of baseball. Since I think back I wonder what implied more to me, getting that baseball or the way that my granddad showed me the game. As I became more seasoned and increasingly develop I took in a great deal about my granddad. I was recounted anecdotes about his life and what an incredible ballplayer he was. He could have gone master, yet he didnt have the help of his folks. Rather he felt free to join the military. It would execute most men to come that near their fantasies, yet in the event that you ask him it was a brilliant life. I was currently a young person at sixteen years old, and the time had come to get my drivers permit. This was a day that each parent fears, and my mother was one of them. I can recall approaching my mom for the vehicle keys with the goal that I could take my street test. I distinguished a little grin under her moving eyes and stone hard glare. My mother saw how s he felt when she got her permit. It implied opportunity and duty regarding somebody she raised from a child. I can even now recall mother saying, You damn children grow up too quick as a solitary tear moved down her face. That night I didnt even go out. My mom and I spoke for quite a long time about how it was the point at which she was youthful. It was an agreeable night simply conversing with her. It was an awesome life. Graduation day from secondary school never comes soon enough, so we think. Until the day is over then we wish a large portion of our lives we could return to that time. It was the 6th of June 1996, graduation day. I never felt so glad to have a bit of paper in my grasp. That paper was worth four years of my life. It represented my upsetting days at school. It implied four years of baseball, football, and wrestling. The long periods of my life that were difficult to suffer, however so natural to think back on. These were the days that tried my insight and soul. The se are the individuals and spots that will live in my memory until the end of time. There was a spot called Tanner Park. This was the spot everybody went to escape from everything. Individuals flaunted their vehicles and tossed around the old football. The young ladies there wouldnt care much about me, however yet I despite everything figured out how to have some good times. I recollect the throughout the night parties that appeared to never end. In spite of the fact that these four years of my life were during my adolescence, they helped make it a magnificent life. My life isn't finished. The existence I live is a long way from being done. I dont lament any of the things that Ive said or done on the grounds that they are what make up my life. The fantasies my folks have for me live on in my heart ordinarily alongside my .u2735a8054823c66713a4978003d9f13e , .u2735a8054823c66713a4978003d9f13e .postImageUrl , .u2735a8054823c66713a4978003d9f13e .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u2735a8054823c66713a4978003d9f13e , .u2735a8054823c66713a4978003d9f13e:hover , .u2735a8054823c66713a4978003d9f13e:visited , .u2735a8054823c66713a4978003d9f13e:active { border:0!important; } .u2735a8054823c66713a4978003d9f13e .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u2735a8054823c66713a4978003d9f13e { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u2735a8054823c66713a4978003d9f13e:active , .u2735a8054823c66713a4978003d9f13e:hover { mistiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u2735a8054823c66713a4978003d9f13e .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u2735a8054823c66713a4978003d9f13e .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enrichment: underline; } .u2735a8054823c66713a4978003d9f13e .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u2735a8054823c66713a4978003d9f13e .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enhancement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2735a8054823c66713a4978003d9f13e:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u2735a8054823c6671 3a4978003d9f13e .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u2735a8054823c66713a4978003d9f13e-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u2735a8054823c66713a4978003d9f13e:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Creon and Antigone as Tragic Heroes in Sophocles' Essay

Different types of tourism destinations

Various sorts of the travel industry goals Presentation This report is going to take a gander at the key intrigue variables of France, USA, Spain and China. It will distinguish various kinds of the travel industry goals and take a gander at appearances insights to these nations. As per UNWTO (2008) in the Worlds Top Tourism Destinations 2008 initial four places by universal the travel industry appearances were involved by France, Spain, USA and China. Most importantly this report will distinguish the significance of movement goal and vacationer goal. A movement goal is the end purpose of the excursion (Marvell and Hayward 2005). Individuals travel to a goal for an assortment of reasons, including occasions, business and visiting companions and family members. A traveler goal joins travel with offices and attractions that intrigue to vacationers (Marvell and Hayward 2005). There are various sorts of vacationer goals; anyway this report will talk about waterfront, urban and provincial the travel industry and give instances of spots that intrigue to the goal. Primary part Beach front the travel industry Beach front goal typically connected with the picture of coastline resort. Holloway (2006) pointed that it is the most well known intrigue of a goal. The allure of the shoreline resort is the mix of sun, ocean and sand. Page et al. (2001) expressed that it stays one of the most critical sorts of occasion on the planet. The Spanish Costas are found along the southern coastline, on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea. Spain has many retreat regions: Costa Blanca, Costa Almeria and Costa del Sol. While a portion of the Costa names may not be recognizable, the retreat of Benidorm is notable. Benidorm is the most well known hotel in the Costa Blanca. As indicated by Dale et al. (2006) resort draws in roughly 5,000,000 guests every year. Vacationers are pulled in by its wide sandy sea shores and warm atmosphere with normal summer temperature around 30oC. The sea shores are delicately inclining and the water is warm and clear, making the ocean ok for grown-ups and youngsters. Behind the sandy sea shores are some skyscraper inns with a lot of clubs, bars, cafés and gambling clubs. There are puts in France which are as mainstream as Spanish Costas. One of the well known coastline territories in France is the spot called Cote dAzur which is acclaimed for its hotel Nice. It is a capital of French Riviera arranged on the Mediterranean coast. As per Williams and Le Nevez (2007) Nice is notable occasion goal on the Cote dAzur. Williams and Le Nevez (2007) what's more pointed that retreat draws in guests to take a have a great time its lovely sea shores and warm atmosphere. Visitors appreciate eating at the cafés situated along the French coastline. Appealing fish and delectable wines can be delighted in at numerous ocean side cafés in this Mediterranean city. Pleasant has something for everybody: a medieval old town and other great compositional landmarks; a wide determination of exhibition halls; bunches of bars and eateries of all norm and type; the fine Mediterranean atmosphere; and obviously simple access to sea shores. Plus, America is exceptionally renowned for its sea shores as well. As per Fry (2008) places like Florida or California, or significantly further to Mexico, the Bahamas and the Caribbean are well known travelers goals. As indicated by Fry (2008) Florida is notable for its acclaimed Florida Keys and the retreat of Key Largo. The Keys are long, low islands at the south of Florida. This spot has numerous sea shores and blue waters that are famous with jumpers. The Keys are likewise celebrated for swim with dolphins. Urban the travel industry Urban the travel industry is another kind of traveler goal. Holloway (2006) expressed that towns and urban areas draw in numerous travelers by developing enthusiasm for social exercises for instance visits to exhibition halls and craftsmanship displays, relaxation exercises like shopping, and amusement to sports. There are a wide range of towns in France, Spain, USA and China which are renowned for its rich culture and legacy, delectable food and fashioner shops. Holloway (2006) says that Paris in France, Madrid and Barcelona in Spain are well known goals where vacationers show up for city occasions. They consolidate all the variables for a decent remain: top notch inns and eateries, fine historical centers, remarkable engineering, celebrations and numerous wonderful eye-getting shops. As indicated by UNWTO (2008) Spain positioned on the third spot as far as appearances 57, 3% in 2008, with France kept on driving the positioning of the universes significant the travel industry goals as far as appearances 79, 3% in 2008. The French capital Paris has a notoriety for being an exceptionally enchanting and sentimental city with well known attractions, including the Eiffel Tower, the Louver exhibition hall, Notre-Dame and Arc de Triomphe. As indicated by Law (1996) there are around 800 celebrations held yearly in France. The topic changes, however among notable is celebration identified with the film Cannes. Law (1996) expressed that engaging quality of the Paris is unique and a huge number of voyagers come here to respect the exquisite magnificence of the city, make the most of its rich food and surely selective shopping. Law (1996) additionally says that Barcelona is an exceptionally astonishing town as well, known for its rich culture, design and extraordinary excellence. On city break in Barcelona voyagers will appreciate exhibition halls, sculptures in the city, delectable Spanish food and well known boutiques. As indicated by Holloway (2006) urban communities like New York in USA and Shanghai in China are mainstream traveler goals for shopping. By UNWTO (2008) the USA is positioned second in appearances 58, 0% in 2008 and China clutched their 2007 situation as far as appearances and positioning fourth-53, 0% in 2008. For instance, as indicated by Zhang et al. (2005) China is the universes production line where can be discovered pretty much anything. Chinas greatest city is Shanghai. Zhang et al. (2005) says that it has a status of cosmopolitan focal point of plan. Shanghai is an incredible shopping goal. Shopping here is straightforward and appropriate for all sort of sightseers. Shanghai has a scope of shops from side of the road and boutique shops to the bustling strip malls where various kinds of products and garments can be purchased. Lastly, New York without a doubt has a great deal to offer to its guests. New York has numerous attractions, including the Statue of Liberty, the Empire State Building, historical centers and Central Park. And furthermore its notable for shopping. The Fifth Avenue offers a scope of in vogue shops. Broadway offers diversion at night and the scope of nightlife. Provincial the travel industry Furthermore, the last sort of vacationer goal is open country. The blend of lakes and mountains draw in various markets. Relaxation guests appreciate the landscape, while increasingly dynamic visitor appreciates moving in summer, and do winter sports at different occasions. As indicated by Andalucã ­a site (2009) Spanish wide open will allow to appreciate the quiet and quieting condition of antiquated towns. There is a huge assortment of facilities like cabins, farmhouses and chateaus. It will offer to guests an assortment of exercises like, strolling and trekking, horse riding, cycling and mountain bicycling, flying creature watching and outdoors. Andalucã ­a for instance is the best spot for outdoors, mountain bicycling and pony riding. It offers nearly 12 months round daylight and wide indigenous habitat. French Alps on the opposite side are exceptionally famous to dynamic disapproved of sightseers like skiers and snowboarders. As indicated by Collins (2004) the Alps has in excess of 200 retreats and one of the acclaimed is Chamonix. Chamonix is a high town which a best spot for ski sweethearts. Collins (2004) says that sky-scratching mountains, great ice falls and ice sheets will make everyones venture paramount.

Energy Environment Natural Gas Drill Site Field Trip COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Energy Environment Natural Gas Drill Site Field Trip COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog On April 27 and 28, 2014, a group of SIPA students, led by Dr. Jonathan Chanis, traveled to Pennsylvania and West Virginia to meet with natural gas industry executives and visit a natural gas drill site.     The purpose of the trip was to talk with company officials about natural gas developments in the Marcellus and observe how this development affects the local community and the environment.   The students spent most of the visit with company officials and they were able to ask numerous questions.   The time at the drill site further aided the group’s understanding of natural gas development by allowing everyone to see firsthand the scale and scope of a drilling operation. While at the drill site, the students had the opportunity to talk with the drilling engineer and other workers. Among the issues discussed in detail during the trip were: The steps necessary to drill a well and produce natural gas in the Marcellus; Average well costs and capital budgeting practices; The impact of “Act 13” being overturned by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court; Lease acquisition practices, especially the complexity of dealing with landowners whose mineral rights have been “severed” by a previous landowner; Drilling location siting practices; The gains in drilling efficiency (and the major decline in surface area footprints); The use and importance of drill casing; issues of methane migration; the importance of base line water testing; Hydraulic fracturing technology and the composition of fracking fluids; industry fracking fluid composition disclosure practices; Water usage and waste disposal; water recycling and “closed-loop systems”; Job creation and work forced management issues; workforce safety issues; Community attitudes toward drilling and natural gas production; industry community relations; the impact of natural gas development on the local agricultural economy; One of the clearest impressions many students formed concerned the significant impact natural gas development has on the daily life of the community.   Each student was able to see for him/herself the significant and continual truck traffic and evaluate how disruptive this movement is to daily community life.   Company officials openly discussed this issue and they reviewed how they attempt to minimize disruptions and work with local government and civic leaders to maximize benefits for all community residents, not just for those who have development leases. *** “This visit was a unique experience and it definitely added great value to our course of study at SIPA. As energy professionals, it is important to understand the magnitude of the positive and negative impacts natural gas drilling and production have on host communities.   We can read about this, but sometimes a field trip says more than a thousand words. I was particularly impressed by the openness of company representatives who responded frankly to the multiple questions posed by the group. However, while the company does seem to be making great efforts to minimize disruptions to the local community, one of the main problems I observed was that the state and local government is not conducting health or environmental impact assessments.     In a future visit, it would be interesting to talk to civil society representatives to gain multiple perspectives on  the impact shale gas development on the region.” *** The most significant aspect of the trip was being able to see the scale of the operations in person. It is one thing to participate with the abstract idea of fracking by studying it in the classroom, but seeing how the operations are carried out day to day, in the rolling hills of West Virginia, provides an entirely different context and understanding of the issue.” *** In the future, the Energy and Environment Concentration will encourage more such field trips, especially if it includes visits with community leaders and local government officials. Post contributed by Professor Jonathan Chanis.   Besides sharing his knowledge and insight at SIPA, Professor Chanis has worked in finance for 25 years most of this time has been spent trading and investing in the emerging markets and various commodities markets, especially petroleum.   Currently he is Managing Member of New Tide Asset Management, a proprietary vehicle focused on global and resource investing.

Should My Forever Home Exist - 1664 Words

Will my forever home exist? Will I ever cherish any brother or sisters? Will I ever cherish a mom or dad? Will I ever get to meet my family? Will I ever know what it’s like to take part in a family? Will I ever receive any attention? Will I ever get out of this place? Will I ever be loved? This problem, however, does not only affect those innocent children who lack homes. This problem affects those families who cannot produce any children and want to conceive a child. Although, there are hundreds of thousands of children sitting without families because their birth parents could not take care of them. In New Jersey, a high school student gave birth to a child during her senior prom in the bathroom. Instead of leaving her prom and going to†¦show more content†¦Letting gay and lesbian couples adopt a child contains both pros and cons. Most states ban same sex- couples from adopting, yet in 1996 the state of New York same-sex couple could then adopt. In 1996, New York be ing one of the only states that allowed it. Following the lifting of same sex adoption ban in New York, the Mississippi Governor realized that what he signed fifteen years ago did not remain true anymore. Governor, Ronnie Musgrove, said,† As I grow older, I came to understand that a person’s sexual orientation doesn’t pertain absolutely nothing to do with their ability to become a good parent.† Ronnie stood against same sex adoption fifteen years ago, but as he’s watched adoption rates throughout the past fifteen years he now changed his mind. In the same way, in Mississippi, twenty-nine percent of same-sex couples are raising a child that remains younger than eighteen. With that said, Mississippi holds the highest rate of same-sex couples with a child in the nation. On the contrary, not only are children who live in orphanages at a disadvantage of having two parents, but the children who their actual parents have divorced or one of them passed away (Lewin A.9). If every state allowed same-sex couples to adopt there would remain a decrease in child who spends their lives in orphanages. Some people think that a child cannot have two parents of the same sex. Like I

Learn How Marital Status Can Affect Your Financial Aid

The significance of your marital status in the financial aid process has a lot to do with whether or not you can claim dependent or independent status on the FAFSA. If you are married, regardless of age, you will have independent status when the government calculates your ability to afford college. Below youll see situations in which marriage can have a positive or a negative effect on your financial aid: Situations in which Marriage Improves Your Financial Aid Eligibility Marriage will usually have a positive impact on your financial aid eligibility if you are under 24 years of age and your spouse does not have high income. This is because you can then claim independent status, and your parents income and assets will not be considered in your financial aid calculations. Your spouses income, however, will be considered.If you are 24 years of age or older, you will have independent status whether married or not. Here again, your marital status will be a benefit assuming your spouses income is relatively low. Situations in Which Marriage Lessens Your Financial Aid Eligibility Marriage will often have a negative impact on your financial aid reward if you are 24 or over and your spouse has significant income. The reasons for this are two-fold: if you are 24 or over, you are considered to have independent status for financial aid. Thus, only your own income and assets are used to calculate your financial aid eligibility. If, however, you are married, your spouses income will be part of the calculations.If you are under 24 and from a family with modest income, your spouses income will determine whether or not marrying helps or hurts you. In general, the higher your spouses income, the less aid you will receive.If your parents dont have high income and they are supporting several other dependents, it is quite possible that your financial aid eligibility will actually decrease when you get married. This is especially true if you have brothers or sisters who are also in college. In a situation such as this, your parents qualify for significant financial aid, and that could actually decrease if you have independent status. This can be true even if your spouse doesnt have high income.   More Issues to Consider Related to Marital Status If you submit your FAFSA when you are single but then you marry, you can submit an update to the form so that your ability to pay for college is accurately reflected by the government calculations.You can submit a change to your FAFSA should you or your spouse lose your income or have a reduction in income during the academic year.You need to report your financial information and your spouses information on the FAFSA even if you file taxes separately.  Keep in mind that you and your spouses assets, not just your income, are used to calculate your aid eligibility. Thus, even if you and your spouse have low income, you might find that your expected contribution is high if you or your spouse has significant savings, real estate holdings, investments, or other assets.

Statement Of The Hypotheses Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(100) " the economic final payment of solar including rates, systems public presentation, and inducements\." States all over the universe are interested in utilizing different types of renewable energy systems in order to run into the turning demand of energy. Indiana State has a broad assortment of renewable energy resources.A Enormous attempts have been spent in the State of Indiana to better the people awareness toward the usage of such resources as air current, solar and biomass. We will write a custom essay sample on Statement Of The Hypotheses Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now A Solar energy has great possible to profit Indiana occupant. The Sun visible radiation can be converted into electricity by utilizing solar energy systems such as Photovoltaic systems. Photovoltaic systems ( PV systems ) are renewable energy systems that use the Sun as a beginning for bring forthing electric energy. Implementing PV systems can assist Indiana occupant to bring forth their ain electricity without noise or air pollution. These systems can besides diversify energy supply, cut down the sum of imported fuels, better the quality of the air, countervail nursery gas emanations, and make occupations in the fabrication and installing of solar energy systems. These alone advantages and features made solar systems the ultimate energy beginning for the twenty-first century. The Indiana Office of Energy Development has offered a figure of inducements that help cut down the costs of put ining and implementing PV systems, and do these systems more low-cost for Indiana occupant. A PV system is a significant investing, and as with any investing, adept aid and careful planning will assist people make the correct determinations. However, the determination of purchasing PV systems depends on several different factors. Peoples want to salvage the finite dodo fuel resources and extinguish the air pollution. Others would instead pass their money on an energy-producing betterment to their belongings than to direct their money to a public-service corporation. Some people like to cut down the sum of electricity that they buy from public-service corporation company, because they will non be affected by any hereafter additions for the electricity monetary value. Finally, some people merely do non like paying public-service corporation measures and appreciate the independency that is provided by a PV system. Statement of the Problem In order to measure the fiscal feasibleness of typical residential PV systems in the province of Indiana, information for the counties of Indiana State should be collected, evaluated, and analyzed through mathematical theoretical accounts and expressions. Besides, information about monetary values and the size of a typical system should be collected from the professionals and representatives who work in the PV industry. Statement of the Hypotheses and Research Questions The void hypothesis of the survey is that the determination of put ining a typical PV system for residential intent at Indiana State is non effectual from the economical point position and the monthly disbursals will be more than the expected return of the system. The alternate hypothesis is that the determination of put ining a typical PV system for residential intent at Indiana State is an effectual from the economical point position and the monthly disbursals will be less than the expected return of the system. There are four grounds for the alternate hypothesis: First, the authorities attempts toward developing and put ining renewable energy made the procedure of put ining PV system an easy pattern and there are many professionals who are able to put in this engineering in about all the metropoliss around the U.S. Second, the fiscal inducements that are created by the US authorities helped Indiana occupant financially to put in the PV systems. The 3rd point is that the cost of th e natural stuff is traveling down because of the advanced engineerings that being used in the renewable energy. The last point is that the high degree of Indiana ‘s occupant ‘s consciousness toward the advantages of the sustainable applications and systems such as the PV system will assist them utilize these systems in proper manner. The consequences of the survey will reply the undermentioned inquiries: What is the perfect size of PV system that is suited for a typical single-family place in Indiana? How much does the standard size of PV system cost? How much electricity will the PV system green goods? How much will the PV system cut down the electricity measure? How long it will take to alter the hard currency flow from negative to positive or how long the householder can wait before the standard size of PV system produce positive hard currency flow? What is the payback period for the standard size of PV system? What is the internal rate of return for the standard size PV system? Statement of the Purpose and Need The chief end of the survey is to make consciousness about the economic feasibleness of constructing a residential PV system at the State of Indiana, while sing its public presentation over the life of the system. The consequences of the survey will assist the determination shapers at the State of Indiana and the occupant of Indian buttocks the locations of their metropoliss for possible installing for a solar PV system, gauge the cost of a standard size of PV system, calculate the expected economy, know the payback period, and mensurate the impact of the geographical location of the PV system public presentation. Besides, this survey will be a usher that improves the consciousness for Indiana occupants sing utilizing the solar energy systems. Furthermore, it will assist the determination shapers at Indian State to place the existent demands for developing more effectual schemes and fiscal inducements that help Indiana occupants implement solar systems in their places. The aims of the survey are: To understand the energy ingestion and cost benefits of utilizing a typical PV system. To gauge the profile of the end product power of a typical PV system. To measure the fiscal feasibleness of a typical PV system of the counties those are located in the State of Indiana. To find the factors that should be considered to find the economic final payment of solar including rates, systems public presentation, and inducements. You read "Statement Of The Hypotheses Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" To find countries with high solar potency utilizing the NEREL US section of energy application. To utilize the U.S. section of energy recommendations and methodological analysiss as a usher to develop a theoretical account for constructing a typical PV system. To find the suited size for residential photovoltaic systems for counties of Indiana State. To gauge the environmental benefits of utilizing photovoltaic rural electrification. To find a suited country for constructing a commercial PV system in Indiana. Statement of the Premises There are two of import premises for the survey: First, the edifice incorporate photovoltaic is connected in analogue to the public-service corporation grid, so there is no cost for batteries or electrical storage. The 2nd premise is that the computations are based on NEREL US section of energy application and for a typical single-family place in Indiana. Statement of the Methodology The methodological analysis of this research will dwell of the undermentioned six stairss: foremost, choosing the counties that will be the sample size. The sample size will be selected harmonizing to the undermentioned process: The counties of Indiana will be organized harmonizing to the locations of the county, there are five regional could be used for forming the counties: North, E, West, cardinal, south cardinal, and south. Then, the alphabetical sorting will be used to form the counties in lists and each list represents a geographical country. Then choosing three counties from each list: one from the beginning of the list, one from the center of the list, and one from the terminal of the list. The 2nd measure is happening the nothing codifications for each county by utilizing the nothing codification finders. After that, the geographical location for each nothing codification will be identified by utilizing the Google Earth application, which will assist in happening two of import variables: solar AZ solar height. The 4th measure is reaching professionals who work in the PV industry and place of import information about a typical PV system such as the size, monetary value, care, and equipment. Fifth, the location and the size parametric quantities will be used as inputs for the PV Watt application. This application will give the expected public presentation and electricity that could be produced from the typical size of a PV system. Finally, the informations that gained from the PV Watt applications and other will be inserted into the excel application to make the analysis. Charts will be created to sum up the consequences of the survey. Definitions of the Key Footings Management: Management is the act of forming people to accomplish certain ends. Henri Fayol, who developed a theory of Management Science, believes that the most of import activities of direction are calculating, planning, forming, commanding, organizing and commanding ( Fayol, 1917 ) . Technology: The International Network for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises or INSME defined engineering as â€Å" a human invention in action that involves the coevals of cognition and processes to develop systems that solve jobs and widen human capablenesss † ( 2003 ) . In other words, engineering is any procedure that can better the human cognition and be used to work out jobs by doing life easier. Technology Management: it is the scientific discipline that focuses on puting technological tools in pull offing aids to actuate inventions. Renewable energy: Renewable energy is energy which can be produced by utilizing natural resources such as sunshine, air current, rain, waterfalls, rivers, and geothermic heat. PV cell: It is a solar cell that absorbs the Sun visible radiation. It is the most of import portion in a PV system. Each cell consists of at least two beds of semiconducting material stuff ; one bed has a negative charge and the other positive. PV panel: It is a solar panel consists of sets of PV cells that are connected together. It is besides known as PV solar faculty. PV array: PV array is portion of PV solar system. It is a solar array that consists of sets of PV panels or faculties that are connected together in series or in parallel. PV system: A solar system designed to absorb the Sun visible radiation and change over it to electricity. It consists of sets of PV arrays or faculties, which connected to other equipment such as electric inverter or raking systems. The PV system maps as a individual electricity bring forthing unit. Solar Azimuth: The section of energy defined the solar AZ as â€Å" the angle between the Sun ‘s evident place in the sky and true South, as measured on a horizontal plane † . Solar Altitude: The section of energy defined the solar height as â€Å" the angle between to the skyline and the centre of the solar phonograph record. † The American Meteorological Society defined this construct as † The angle of the Sun 90 grades or less above the skyline. † Internal Rate of Return ( IRR ) : It is the rate that is used in capital budgeting to mensurate the viability and profitableness of a undertaking. It will assist determination shapers make the right determination toward specific concern undertaking. Payback period: it is the period that is required to return back the money that is invested as portion capital to get down a concern undertaking. It assists directors and determination shapers to do the right determinations toward puting their money in a concern undertaking. Cash flow: it is an of import construct in the technology economic sciences scientific discipline, it is the procedure of placing the money motion in or out of a concern undertaking. Indiana State: it is a U.S province located in the Midwest part. The population of the province is 6,516,922. Harmonizing to Rural Policy Research Institute, there are 77.7 % of Indiana occupants populating in metropolitan counties, 16.5 % life in micropolitan counties and 5.9 % life in non-core counties. Chapter Two: A REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE Overview This chapter aims to reexamine and clear up some of import constructs sing the renewable energy and the solar PV systems. This chapter besides provides a theoretical footing for the research and helps the reader to find the nature of the research. In add-on, this chapter will supply in deepness reappraisal for old research surveies that are related to fiscal ratings for PV systems at different locations in the universe. Renewable Energy: Renewable energy is energy which can be produced by utilizing natural resources such as sunshine, air current, rain, waterfalls, rivers, and geothermic heat. The resources for the renewable energy are continually and sustainably replenished and those resources are available all over the universe but there is a demand for engineerings to utilize these resources efficaciously. The function for any engineering in this filed is to capture the renewable energy and change over it from specific signifier of power to another. For illustration, the Sun can be used to bring forth solar energy, which will be used for warming, chilling, and illuming. Wind energy is captured by air current turbines and turned into electricity. Harmonizing to the Natural Resources Defense Council ( NRDC ) , there are five chief resources for renewable energy: Wind energy: the power that is generated from the air current. Solar energy: the power that is generated from the Sun. Biomass energy: the power that is generated from Plant stuffs, such as wood, maize, and soy. Biogas energy: the power that is generated from the carnal waste. Geothermal energy: the power that is generated from the reservoirs of steam and hot H2O beneath the Earth ‘s surface. The undermentioned map is the renewable energy map, which shows the bing installations for the renewable energy in the United States. Using renewable energy is of import because it has many benefits and advantages. These benefits can be summarized by four of import points: Environment Friendly: the renewable power is a clean beginning of energy that has no impact on the environment comparing to other energy resources. Sustainability: the renewable power is continually and sustainably replenished. It will non run out but other beginnings of energy are finite and someday will be consumed. Energy Security: utilizing the renewable energy beginnings will cut down the demand for importing oil from other states and it will increase the autonomy in energy production of a state. Making occupations: occupations will be created by puting money in constructing renewable energy engineering which will assist states in salvaging money that could be used in making occupation alternatively of directing it abroad to purchase fuel. Photovoltaic ( PV ) systems The word photovoltaic consists of two words â€Å" exposure † , which is a Grecian word means light and â€Å" Gur † , which refers to bring forth electricity. The PV systems are systems use solar panels to absorb the sunshine energy and change over it to electricity. These systems give the chance for people to bring forth electricity in clean, quiet and dependable manner. It besides named as solar cells systems because it uses sun visible radiation as the beginning for bring forthing electricity. The undermentioned image is one illustration for the PV system. PV system Component There are two of import constituents for any PV system, these constituents are: PV panels ( faculties ) and AC/DC power convertor or inverter. A PV system may include other constituent such as battery, solar tracker, interconnectedness wiring, and a racking system that holds the solar panels. PV panel consist of set PV cells, which consists of at least two beds of semiconducting material stuff. One bed has a negative charge and the other positive. A group of connected solar panels or faculties is called a solar array. The inverter is an electrical power convertor that changes direct current ( DC ) the beginning to jumping current ( AC ) the finish. The DC is the solar panel in a PV system. The undermentioned image explains the difference between cell, faculty, and array parts of a PV system. The undermentioned image summarizes the most of import constituents for a PV system. The manner a PV system plants The undermentioned four stairss explain the manner that a PV system works: When the Sun visible radiation strikes the PV cell, the photons of the Sun visible radiation are absorbed by the atoms of the semiconducting material stuff. Chemical reactions release negatrons because negatrons negatively charged. The chemical reaction will bring forth electricity because the free negatrons will travel from the cell ‘s negative bed to an external circuit and back to the positive bed. This flow of negatrons green goodss electric current. The inverter will reassign the DC electric that is produced by the PV cells to AC that is traveling to be consumed by family demands. More electricity can be produced by increasing the figure of PV cells and panels that are connected to the PV system. When two panels are connected together in series, the electromotive force is maximized to the doubled while the current electric corsets constant. When two panels are connected in analogue, the current electric is maximized to the doubled but the electromotive force stays changeless. The undermentioned diagram explains procedure of bring forthing electricity from a PV system. The types of PV systems: PV systems can be classified depending on several factors. These factors may include: the systems application, operational demands, component constellations, and the manner that equipment is connected to power beginnings and electrical tonss. There are two chief types of solar PV systems: standalone off-grid and grid-connected or grid-tied solar PV systems. The undermentioned account for each type: Stand-alone off-grid PV system: this system is designed to work independently and non connected to electricity grid. This system needs battery bank to hive away the electricity, which is produced by the PV system. This system is largely being used in countries that the electricity grid is far off. The undermentioned figure demonstrates the off-grid PV system. Grid-connected PV systems: this system designed to work in analogue with the electricity grid. This is the most cost effectual type because it does non required battery bank. The lone disadvantage for this type is that this system does non supply backup power during a power outage even if the Sun is reflecting but for sites with dependable grid power, this is normally the logical system pick. Since there is no battery bank, the electric public-service corporation shops the electricity that is produced by the PV system through a system called net-metering. The end of put ining this system is to cut down or extinguish the sum of electricity and power that a occupant would devour from the electric public-service corporation grid. If the system produces electricity more than the family needs, the excess sum of the electricity will be pushed back to the public-service corporation grid and the electric public-service corporation will pay the retail rate to the system proprietor. This type of PV systems will be used in this survey because it ‘s cost effectual. The undermentioned chart shows the grid-connected PV systems. Previous surveies sing put ining PV systems Indiana State: It is province located at the United States of America located in the Midwest part of North America. The capital and the largest metropolis in the province is Indianapolis. The occupants of Indiana are called Hoosiers. The name of province means the Indian land. The entire country in Indiana State is 36,418 square stat mis. Harmonizing to National Atlas of the United States ( NAUS ) , Indiana is the 38th largest size in the U.S. The province has a maximal E to west dimension of 145 stat mis and a maximal dimension North to South of 250 stat mis. Michigan State is located on the northern boundary lines of the province, Ohio State located on the E, and Illinois State is located on the west boundary line of the State. The State of Indiana has a humid conditions, with cool winters and warm summers. Indiana is divided into 92 counties. As of 2010, there are 16 metropolitan, 25 micropolitan, 117 integrated metropoliss, and 450 towns. Indianapolis is largest metropolis and it is the capital of the State. The metropoliss with populations larger than 55,000 are: Indianapolis, Fort Wayne, Evansville, South Bend, Carmel, Bloomington, A Hammond, Gary, Fishers, Muncie, Lafayette, Terre Haute, Anderson. As of July 1, 2011, the population of Indiana is 6,516,922. The power production at Indiana State chiefly produced via coal. There are 24 coal power workss in the province, including the Gibson Generating Station, which is the largest coal power works in the United States. Indiana State ranked the highest rate of S dioxide emanations in the United States because of the coal power works that are located in the province. The determination shapers in Indiana State have made valuable attempts to increasing the usage of renewable energy such as air current, solar power, hydroelectric, or biomass, nevertheless, the advancement has been really slow because of the immense sum of the coal resource in Southern Indiana. Engineering economic sciences: It is a subset of the economic scientific discipline focal points on the viability of technology applications and applications. An of import construct in technology economic sciences is the clip value of money. There are assorted constructs of technology economic sciences will be used in this survey. The most of import is the hard currency flow construct, which is the money motion in or out of a undertaking. The hard currency flow will assist an proprietor of a concern identify the old ages that are needed to return the portion capital of the undertaking. Another of import construct will be used in this survey is the net present value construct, which is the value of a payment or series of payments made at other times. Renewable Energy Incentives: Renewable energy inducements are authorities plans that are created to supply fiscal motives for U.S occupants to develop and put in engineerings and undertakings for bring forthing and bring forthing renewable energy. These plans are of import for the U.S occupant because it facilitates the procedure of put ining a PV system by cut downing the disbursals of purchasing it. The State of Indiana offers a province belongings revenue enhancement tax write-off and a revenue enhancement tax write-off of up to $ 1000 for the installing of solar engineerings. Chapter THREE: Method OF INVESTIGATION Overview In order to measure the fiscal feasibleness of typical residential PV systems in the province of Indiana, information for the 92 counties of Indiana State should be collected, evaluated, and analyzed through mathematical theoretical accounts and expressions. Arrested development theoretical accounts ( e.g. additive and multiple ) will be used to develop a mathematical theoretical account to measure the cost-effectiveness of typical PV systems. This chapter defines and explains the processs employed, and specifies the lower limit demands that the survey must run into. Besides, in this chapter, there will be a description of the designing tools that were used in the survey. Description of the Procedures Combinations of assorted informations aggregation methodological analysiss will be used in this survey, reexamining old surveies, questioning people from the PV industry, and recovering informations from the U.S. energy section web site. The information will be collected and analyzed through different applications such as SPSS, PV Calculator, and Microsoft Excel. Reviewing the old surveies will assist the research worker to understand the inside informations about PV engineerings and the best posing for put ining a typical PV system. The literature reappraisal methodological analysis helps the research worker in developing assorted inquiries that used in the interview procedure. The interview procedure will be conducted in three signifiers: face-to-face, over the phone, over the Internet. The interview helps the research worker gather informations from people work in the PV sector. It besides helps the research worker to be familiar with the different types of the PV systems and the monetary values for put ining a typical size of a PV system that is suited for typical individual household place in State of Indiana. The research worker will present himself, his background, and the research ends to the participant. After roll uping informations, the analysis procedure will get down. The different methods and applications will be used in the analysis of the collected information. Finally, the consequences of the analysis will assist the research worker in replying the survey inquiries. Description of Subjects and Equipments The success of this survey depends on assorted tools and applications: Interview, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ( SPSS ) plan, Microsoft Excel, PV Watt application, Zip Code Finder, and Google Map. The followers is a description for each of these: Interview: the research worker will carry on interviews with people work in the PV industry. The interviews will assist the research worker collect information about the monetary values of a typical PV system. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ( SPSS ) plan: it is a computing machine plan built for statistical analysis intents. SPSS package helps research workers analyzing current state of affairss for specific state of affairss and calculating future tendencies. Besides, it is a tool used by directors to do right determinations about their merchandises and build assorted relationships between different factors. By utilizing this package, houses are able to direct and automatize determinations to run into concern ends and achieve mensurable competitory advantage. This package was helpful for this survey because it will be easy to analyse the information that will be collected from different beginnings and happen relationships between different variables. This application will enable the research worker to sum up the consequences and convert the consequences to artworks which will ease reading the consequences. Excel package or dispersed sheet: This is an application that developed by the Microsoft company. This application is used for computations, making in writing, programing, making statistical operationsaˆÂ ¦ etc. This tool is of import for this research because it will be used for ciphering of import constructs such as hard currency flow, net nowadays value, and internal rate of return. PV Watt application: it is an application developed by the U.S section of energy to â€Å" find the energy production and cost nest eggs of grid-connected photovoltaic ( PV ) energy systems throughout the universe. It allows householders, installers, makers, and research workers to easy develop estimations of the public presentation of conjectural PV installings † . This is the most of import application for this survey because it will be used to gauge the electricity that could be produced by a typical PV system. This application needs some parametric quantities, which will be identified through interviewing or bespeaking an on-line quotation mark from professional people who work in the PV industry. Google Map: it is an application developed by Google Company. It offers geographical information about topographic points locations. This application is of import to the survey because it will be used to place of import two variables: solar AZ and solar height. These variables will be used in the PV Watt application to gauge the power that could be produced through a typical size of a PV system. Zip codification finder: it is a general web application offered by many web sites to place the nothing codification of a specific country. This application will be used in the survey to place the nothing codifications for the counties of Indiana State. Research Design and Procedures The survey processs depend on the applications and the tools that described above. All of these applications are of import for finishing the survey and each one will be used to finish specific occupation. First, the counties of Indiana have been found though the Indiana authorities web site ( IN.gov ) . The following tabular array and figure sum up these counties. NorthA EastA WestA CentralA South Central SouthA Elkhart, Adams, Benton, Boone, Bartholomew, Clark, Fulton, Allen, Carroll, Clay, Hamilton, Brown, Crawford, Jasper, Blackford, Clinton, Hancock, Davy, Dubois, Kosciusko, Cass, De Fountain, Hendricks, Dearborn, Floyd, La Grange, Kalb, Montgomery, Johnson, Decatur, Gibson, Lake, Delaware, Newton, Marion, Franklin, Harrison, LaPorte, Fayette, Owen, Parke, Morgan, Greene, Orange, Marshall, Grant, Henry, Putnam, Shelby Jackson, Perry, Pike, Porter, Howard, Sullivan, Jefferson, Posey, Scott, Pulaski, St. Huntington, Tippecanoe, Jennings, Spencer, Joseph, Jay, Madison, Vermillion, Knox, Vanderburgh, Starke, Steuben Miami, Noble, Vigo, Warren, White Lawrence, Martin, Warrick, Washington Randolph, Monroe, Rush, Tipton, Ohio, Ripley, Union, Switzerland Wabash, Wayne, Wells, Whitley Second, the research worker will choose three counties form each geographical country to be the sample for this survey: one from the beginning of the list, one from the center of the list, and one from the terminal of the list. The selected northern counties are: Elkhart, Marshall, and Steuben. The selected Eastern counties are: Adams, Huntington and Whitley. The selected Western counties are: Benton, Owen and White. The selected Central counties are: Boone, Hendricks, and Shelby. The selected Southern Central counties are: Bartholomew, Jackson and Switzerland. Finally, the selected Southern counties are: Clark, Orange and Washington. The 3rd measure is happening the nothing codifications for each one of the selected counties. This has been done through the Zip codification Finder application. The undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected northern counties. ZIP Codes functioning the county of ELKHART, Indiana Map of County ZIP Code City 46507 Bristol 46514 ELKHART 46515 ELKHART 46516 ELKHART 46517 ELKHART 46526 GOSHEN 46527 GOSHEN 46528 GOSHEN 46530 Farmer 46540 MIDDLEBURY 46542 MILFORD 46543 MILLERSBURG 46550 NAPPANEE 46553 NEW PARIS 46561 OSCEOLA 46567 Syracuse 46573 WAKARUSA ZIP Codes functioning the county of MARSHALL, Indiana ZIP Code City 46501 Argos 46504 Bourbon 46506 Bremen 46511 CULVER 46513 DONALDSON 46524 ETNA GREEN 46531 GROVERTOWN 46536 LAKEVILLE 46537 LAPAZ 46539 MENTONE 46550 NAPPANEE 46563 Plymouth 46570 TIPPECANOE 46572 TYNER 46574 WALKERTON ZIP Codes functioning the county of STEUBEN, Indiana ZIP Code City 46703 Angola 46705 ASHLEY 46737 Fremont 46742 Hamilton 46747 Hudson 46761 LAGRANGE 46776 ORLAND 46779 PLEASANT LAKE The undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected Eastern counties: ZIP Codes functioning the county of ADAMS, Indiana ZIP Code City 46711 Bern 46714 BLUFFTON 46731 CRAIGVILLE 46733 Decatur 46740 Geneva 46745 Hoagland 46769 LINN GROVE 46772 Monroe 46773 MONROEVILLE 46777 OSSIAN 46780 PLEASANT MILLS 46782 PREBLE 47326 BRYANT ZIP Codes functioning the county of HUNTINGTON, Indiana ZIP Code City 46702 Andrews 46713 BIPPUS 46750 Huntington 46770 MARKLE 46783 Roanoke 46792 Warren 46940 LA FONTAINE 46991 VAN BUREN ZIP Codes functioning the county of WHITLEY, Indiana ZIP Code City 46562 PIERCETON 46723 CHURUBUSCO 46725 COLUMBIA CITY 46764 LARWILL 46783 Roanoke 46787 SOUTH WHITLEY The undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected Western counties: ZIP Codes functioning the county of BENTON, Indiana Map of County ZIP Code City 47917 AMBIA 47921 Boswell 47942 EARL PARK 47944 Fowler 47948 GOODLAND 47970 OTTERBEIN 47971 Oxford 47975 PINE VILLAGE 47977 REMINGTON 47984 Talbot 47986 TEMPLETON ZIP Codes functioning the county of OWEN, Indiana ZIP Code City 46120 CLOVERDALE 46166 Paragon 47427 COAL CITY 47431 Freedom 47433 GOSPORT 47455 PATRICKSBURG 47456 Quincy 47459 SOLSBERRY 47460 Spencer 47471 WORTHINGTON 47833 Bowling GREEN 47868 Poland ZIP Codes functioning the county of WHITE, Indiana Map of County ZIP Code City 46978 ROYAL CENTER 46985 STAR CITY 47920 BATTLE GROUND 47923 BROOKSTON 47925 American bison 47926 BURNETTSVILLE 47929 CHALMERS 47950 IDAVILLE 47959 MONON 47960 MONTICELLO 47980 Reynolds 47995 WOLCOTT The undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected Central counties: ZIP Codes functioning the county of BOONE, Indiana Map of County ZIP Code City 46035 COLFAX 46050 KIRKLIN 46052 LEBANON 46069 Sheridan 46071 THORNTOWN 46075 WHITESTOWN 46077 ZIONSVILLE 46102 Progress 46147 Jamestown 47968 NEW ROSS ZIP Codes functioning the county of HENDRICKS, Indiana ZIP Code City 46103 AMO 46112 BROWNSBURG 46113 CAMBY 46118 CLAYTON 46121 COATESVILLE 46122 DANVILLE 46123 Avon 46147 Jamestown 46149 LIZTON 46158 MOORESVILLE 46165 NORTH SALEM 46167 PITTSBORO 46168 PLAINFIELD 46180 STILESVILLE 46197 PLAINFIELD 46231 Indianapolis 46234 Indianapolis 47968 NEW ROSS ZIP Codes functioning the county of SHELBY, Indiana ZIP Code City 46110 BOGGSTOWN 46124 Edinburgh 46126 FAIRLAND 46130 FOUNTAINTOWN 46144 GWYNNEVILLE 46150 Manila 46161 Morristown 46162 NEEDHAM 46163 NEW PALESTINE 46176 SHELBYVILLE 46182 WALDRON 46259 Indianapolis 47234 FLAT ROCK 47272 Saint Paul The undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected Southern Central counties: ZIP Codes functioning the county of BARTHOLOMEW, Indiana ZIP Code City 46124 Edinburgh 47201-47203 Columbus 47226 CLIFFORD 47232 ELIZABETHTOWN 47234 FLAT ROCK 47236 GRAMMER 47244 HARTSVILLE 47246 Hope 47247 JONESVILLE 47274 Seymour 47280 TAYLORSVILLE 47283 WESTPORT ZIP Codes functioning the county of JACKSON, Indiana ZIP Code City 47102 Austin 47220 BROWNSTOWN 47228 Cortland 47229 CROTHERSVILLE 47235 Freetown 47249 KURTZ 47260 MEDORA 47264 Norman 47274 Seymour 47281 VALLONIA ZIP Codes functioning the county of SWITZERLAND, Indiana ZIP Code City 47011 Bennington 47019 EAST ENTERPRISE 47020 Firenze 47038 Patriot 47043 VEVAY The undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected Southern counties: ZIP Codes functioning the county of CLARK, Indiana ZIP Code City 47104 Bethlehem 47106 BORDEN 47111 Charlestown 47119 FLOYDS KNOBS 47126 HENRYVILLE 47129 CLARKSVILLE 47130 JEFFERSONVILLE 47131 JEFFERSONVILLE 47132 JEFFERSONVILLE 47133 JEFFERSONVILLE 47134 JEFFERSONVILLE 47141 MARYSVILLE 47143 Memphis 47144 JEFFERSONVILLE 47147 NABB 47162 NEW WASHINGTON 47163 OTISCO 47172 SELLERSBURG 47177 Underbrush 47190 JEFFERSONVILLE 47199 JEFFERSONVILLE ZIP Codes functioning the county of ORANGE, Indiana ZIP Code City 47108 CAMPBELLSBURG 47118 English 47125 HARDINSBURG 47140 Marengo 47175 TASWELL 47432 FRENCH LICK 47452 Orleans 47454 PAOLI 47469 WEST BADEN SPRINGS ZIP Codes functioning the county of WASHINGTON, Indiana ZIP Code City 47106 BORDEN 47108 CAMPBELLSBURG 47120 Fredericksburg 47125 HARDINSBURG 47126 HENRYVILLE 47145 MILLTOWN 47164 Palmyra 47165 PEKIN 47167 Salem 47170 SCOTTSBURG 47281 VALLONIA The following measure is utilizing the Google Map will assist the research worker in happening the exact geographical place for each nothing codification. By happening the exact location for each county, the research worker will be able to happen solar power potency for each country. The 5th measure in the research methodological analysis is utilizing the PV Watt application, which is lunched by the section of energy, with the parametric quantities, which will be gotten from questioning the people who work in the PV industry. The parametric quantities are needed to cipher the expected produced energy from the typical PV system that has been built harmonizing to recommendation from professional people who work in the PV industry. Finally, the Microsoft Excel will be used for making the mathematical computation such as the IRR and NPR. The interview is besides of import for this survey because it will assist the research worker be familiar with the different types of the PV systems and with the monetary values of put ining a typical system for a typical individual household. The names of the makers, distributors, traders and service A ; fix specializer have been taken from the electronic version of the xanthous book hypertext transfer protocol: //www.yellowpages.com. The research worker usage â€Å" Solar System † as a cardinal phrase for the hunt and Indiana has been selected as the location. Then, the consequences have been filtered by choosing three classs: Solar Energy Equipment A ; Systems-Dealers. Solar Energy Equipment A ; Systems-Service A ; Repair. Solar Energy Equipment A ; Systems-Manufacturers A ; Distributors The following tabular array summarizes the name, type of concern, location and phone figure. A Name Business Type City Telephone 1 Solar Energy Systems, LLC retail gross revenues, sweeping provider, distributer, electric public-service corporation Nappanee, Indiana USA 46550 ( 574 ) 773-0546 2 Bowen Engineering General Contractor Fishermans, Indiana USA 46038 317-842-2616 3 BPM Service Today Contractor Kendallville, Indiana USA 46755 260-347-9388 4 Concept Beyond Tomorrow retail gross revenues Chesterton, Indiana USA 46304 219-929-1397 5 CoolSpell, LLC. retail gross revenues, sweeping provider Indianapolis, Indiana USA 46220 317-201-4435 6 Earth-SOLAR Technologies Corporation Photovoltaic Cell Manufacturer Indianapolis, Indiana USA 46202 317. 926. 7000 7 EcoSource Inc sweeping provider Columbus, Indiana USA 47201 812-342-7226 8 Estes Design A ; Manufacturing, Inc. maker Indianapolis, Indiana USA 46229 317-899-2203 9 G-Tech Energy, Inc. retail gross revenues, site survey/assessment Indianapolis, Indiana USA 46220 317-627-3031 10 Green Options retail gross revenues Kokomo, Indiana USA 46902 765-480-4138 11 Greenworks Energy retail gross revenues, sweeping provider, importer, distributer, mfg Yorktown, Indiana USA 47396 877-365-POWER 12 Hoagland Electric Inc. Electrical Contracting, industrial, commercial, controls, forte Wayne, Indiana USA 46818 260-489-5990 13 Home Energy LLC retail gross revenues, contractor, sweeping provider Middlebury, Indiana USA 46540 ( 574 ) 825-4800 14 Hurshtown Alternative Power retail gross revenues, sweeping provider Grabill, Indiana USA 46741-9617 260-438-5250 15 Illiana Power Corporation Solar energy consulting, design A ; installing Terre Haute, Indiana USA 47802 888-815-8023 16 Inovateus Solar LLC sweeping provider, distributer South Bend, Indiana USA 46637 574-485-1405 17 Mann Plumbing Inc MPI Solar retail gross revenues Bloomington, Indiana USA 47404 812-334-4003 ( 812 ) 327-8476 18 Morton Solar A ; Wind, LLC Renewable Energy Products and Services Evansville, Indiana USA 47711 812-402-0900 19 Following Generation Resources, LLC retail gross revenues Grabill, Indiana USA 46741 260-437-6490 20 Phoenix Mechanical consulting, design, installing, contractor services Garrett, Indiana USA 46738 260-357-1930 21 Renewable Energy Systems, LLC design, installing, undertaking development services, contractor services Avilla, Indiana USA 46710 260-897-2450 22 Rescuer retail gross revenues, sweeping provider, exporter Indianapolis, Indiana USA 46239 317-465-8496 23 Solar Wind Energy Corporation design, installing, building, site study and appraisal services, contractor services, care and fix services Kendallville, Indiana USA 46755 260-347-8382 24 Southside Attic Solution retail gross revenues Greenwood, Indiana USA 46142 ( 317 ) 847-4546 25 SunRise Solar Inc maker, sweeping provider St. John, Indiana USA 46373 219-306-8163 26 SunWind Power Systems, Inc Solar and wind installing, design, and confer withing Floyds Knobs, Indiana USA 47119 A 27 Illiana Power Corporation Repeated Solar Energy Contracting Indianapolis A ; Ft. Wayne A ; South Bend A ; Michigan City A ; Indiana USA 46803 888-815-8023 28 One Planet Solar and Wind Inc. retail gross revenues Terre Haute, Indiana USA 47807 812-235-1380 29 Strong Tower Roofing A ; Construction Installation, care Springville, IN 47462 ( 812 ) 797-0630 30 Lindley Heating A ; Cooling Inc. retail gross revenues Pittsboro, IN 46167 ( 317 ) 892-6024 31 Midwest Solar Additions installing, design, and confer withing Hebron, IN 46341 ( 219 ) 996-7214 32 Ameresco Energy Servicess retail gross revenues Indianapolis, IN 46240 ( 317 ) 816-0990 33 480v Solar installing, design, and confer withing Michigan City, IN 46360 ( 219 ) 879-5501 34 PrimeStar Solar Installation, care Indianapolis, IN 46229 ( 317 ) 899-3000 35 J J J Enterprises retail gross revenues Indianapolis, IN 46221 ( 317 ) 856-4744 36 Yager Electric retail gross revenues Fort Wayne, IN 46818 ( 260 ) 710-2707 37 Solar Systems of Indiana installing, design, and confer withing Bloomington, IN 47408 ( 812 ) 336-2785 38 Midwest Wind and Solar LLC installing, design, and confer withing Merrillville, IN 46411 ( 219 ) 714-2488 39 Solar Century of Indiana installing, design, and confer withing Indianapolis, IN 46201 ( 317 ) 546-5071 40 Fair A ; Square Construction retail gross revenues, Installation Poland, IN 47868 ( 812 ) 821-0526 41 L A ; S Electric Co Inc retail gross revenues, Installation Hammond, IN 46327 ( 219 ) 932-8504 42 Solar Electric Turbine Co installing, design, and confer withing Westfield, IN 46074 ( 317 ) 985-5685 43 Solar Energy Systems installing services Shipshewana, IN 46565 ( 260 ) 768-7275 44 Solartek Energy installing Jeffersonville, IN 47130 ( 812 ) 282-4601 45 Solar and Wind Wave Installation Indianapolis, IN 46217 ( 317 ) 641-4610 46 BP Solar installing, design, and confer withing Whitening, IN 46394 ( 219 ) 473-2867 47 Solar Tek Energy retail gross revenues Newburgh, IN 47630 ( 812 ) 853-5385 48 ERMCO, Inc. Electrical A ; Communications Contractors retail gross revenues Indianapolis, IN 46217 ( 317 ) 780-2923 Nine inquiries will be asked for the PV representative. These inquiries divided into four classs: constituent and costs, public presentation, country and size, and care and life-time. The inquiries are: Component and costs: What are the major constituents in a grid connected photovoltaic system? How much does a typical Photovoltaics system cost, and on what footing is monetary value determined? Performance: How is the electrical public presentation of Photovoltaic faculties and arrays typically rated? What is the DC electrical end product of PV cells? How should a PV array be oriented for maximal energy production? ( What are the effects of leaning a PV array at lower or higher angles than the local latitude? ) What energy public presentation can be expected from a grid-connected PV system? The size of the systems How much surface country is required for put ining a PV array? How are grid-connected PV systems sized? Care and life clip What are typical care demands for PV systems? What is the expected life-time for a PV system? How to cite Statement Of The Hypotheses Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Elite Personal Training free essay sample

Elite Personal Training Case Study Key Issues The key issue presented in the case study regarding Elite Personal Training is whether or not it is a good idea to open a new training facility in downtown London. Another key issue is whether or not is a venture that will prove to be financially sustainable. These issues are explored more deeply in our case study. Based on the information provided and the proceeding discussions within our group, we will make recommendations on what course of action will be in the best interest of the partners. Situation Analysis In our situation analysis, we will be exploring several factors that will enable us to make a credible decision regarding the potential business success for Elite Personal Training. These factors include the company’s goals, environmental factors, a market assessment, a financial size up, a competition analysis, and the strengths and weaknesses of the potential plan. Further analysis of these factors will provide much needed insight to the viability of the proposed business venture. The goals of partners Martin Menard and Mirella Craciun are well defined in the presented case. In point form, the four main goals are: * Earn a profit of $10 000 in the first year to be reinvested into the business. * Register four to eight new clients every month (beginning in year 2). * Establish Elite Personal training as the premium training facility in London. * Provide high-quality customer service and long-lasting results. They have four well defined goals clearly outlined to go along with other goals that are implied in the text. These goals include providing the people of London with very personal, one-on-one training sessions where the client has private use of the facility (along with one other client). This can be considered sub-goals of the last two goals presented in their main four. Environmental factors are not as evident in the case as other factors are, however there are a few main points to take out. The city of London, Ontario is Canada’s 10th largest city with a population of 356 000. Since 1998, there have been 2000 more people moving into the downtown district due to a commitment by the city to revitalize its downtown core. Many of these new downtown residents are young professionals. The business sector in London has also grown substantially with 74 new stores opening and two major construction projects being completed. The average annual income of people living in London is $27 100. This gives an idea of the economic situation in the area. The market assessment gets a little more complicated. The partners are still unsure if they are comfortable with their proposed target market. The target market outlined by the partners consists of the following four groups: * Business professionals * Sports professionals * Women * University of Western Ontario students. These four groups are outside of preexisting clients from their former training facility. The business community in downtown London consists of 9700 employees with an average salary higher than the London average. One of the major institutions in London, London Life, already owns a fitness facility with a low cost to employees ($10 per month). Serious athletes involved with professional or semi-professional teams train quite often. Some train six times a week. However, there is a major question of the number of sports professionals in the area and if there is enough to fill Elite’s capacity. The London Knights hockey team and the London Silverbacks football teams are potential clients. Women offer a huge demographic. Many fitness facilities now offer â€Å"women only† training. The main criteria for women when working out are losing weight and enjoying the social aspects of training. However, many feel intimidated in co-ed establishments while training. The area instantly increases by 38 000 people in September, due to students arriving to attend Western University. Many students live on a fixed income, so the partners are already questioning whether or not they should be targeting this group. Competitor analysis is an important evaluation tool for this business. There are many similar services and facilities in the area. The competition is high and carefully studying the potential competitors is key in making an accurate assessment of the business potential. The main points covered in the size up are location, membership size, female training, and personal training fees. The following is a brief size up of the main competitors in the London area: Goodlife * 11 London locations (one location five minutes away) * Average of 2000 members per gym * 5 of these locations are women only * Personal training sessions range from $43 to $60, dependant on several factors * Not all trainers certified The Athletic Club * 2 London locations Women only sections included * Approximately 8000 at each gym (150 taking advantage of personal training) * Personal training sessions range from $43 to $60, dependant on several factors YMCA * 5 London locations * Several personal training packages available, $40 per session, then several packages TrueStar Health for Women * 2 London locations * Approximately 1000 members * One -on-one specialists, $38 to $67 per month, dependant on program Herbal Magic * 800 customers * Focus on supplements, and nutrition, not personal training Curves * 6 London locations * 500 women at each location * No personal training programs Personal trainers * 3 personal training facilities, and 20-25 personal trainers working out of their home * $50- $85 per session Competition is very high in the London area for fitness facilities and personal trainers. All options offer different services and price ranges. The financial projections for Elite Personal Training are focused around the fee for each personal training session. The hope is that each client will purchase 48 sessions, and that a certain retention rate would apply. They acknowledge that there would be a certain number not return after they complete so many sessions and accounted for this. The partners are willing to be flexible based on the needs of the client. The decision on pricing is based on competitions pricing, and the needed revenue to cover costs and create a profit. The financing for the business in the initial stages include $14 000 equity and $24 000 loan from the bank. The bank is hesitant to give more money until there is any cash generated from operations. This may not be enough as there are high start up and monthly costs of operating a fitness facility. Additional personal may be needed and this would increase costs even more, but may increase revenue. The marketing will also prove to be expensive, as promotion is so important in the success of a new business. Low cost strategies to bring in cliental will have to be explored. The business strength and weaknesses are clearly exhibited in the case. There seem to be more apparent weaknesses from a financial standpoint at this point then strengths. Strengths * Highly qualified trainers that are consistently updating certification * Loyal client base already established * Previous management experience * Downtown location * Diverse skill set between partners * Experience training a wide demographic of people (ages, sexes, etc. * Solid knowledge of the business Weaknesses * One partner has no prior funds * All financial liability on one partner’s shoulders * Unsure of the target market * Low cost and low quality equipment in the beginning * Service could prove to be unaffordable * No price set yet on personal training services * High start up costs Alternatives The decision criter ia will be based on profitability, the attractiveness to the target market, the demand for the service, the intensity of competition, and the overall chance of success. Upon reviewing these criteria, it has been decided that the following alternatives are the best options. Opening in a larger market, such as Toronto, would give access to a larger number of people and wealthy businessmen. The downside if this is the personal cost incurred and the inconvenience of moving. Further market research would also be necessary. Rethinking the entire business plan is a solid alternative. This would require looking at the target market again, and redefining the short and long term goals. Group rates and different promotional strategies may be in their best interest. Seeing where they can cut initial costs would help them not lose as much money as initially forecasted. This would be a time consuming project and would make it difficult to open on the projected date. Seeking further financing would help their chances of success as well. Not having enough start up money can really handcuff a business early and cause the business to cease operations before ever really starting. This would ensure a bigger pool of money to go towards properly equipping the gym and promoting the business the proper way. Obtaining additional finance would require further work and may raise monthly costs due to increases interest payments. Recommended Course of Action Our recommended course of action at is to establish a more detailed business plan in order to be profitable without losing sight of the business goals. It was felt that the partners were still unsure of their exact course of action. Their potential costs were outweighing their initial capital, so redefining the business plan may help them decide a better course of action. In doing this, they can become more confident in their financial projections and exactly who they want to target. In completing a better and more specific business plan, it may be possible to obtain more financial assistance. This will inspire confidence in potential investors. In gaining additional finances, a better promotional strategy can be implemented. New businesses fail often because the initial funds did not allow proper advertisement. In an industry that is so high in competition, gaining that edge is mandatory for success. If Elite Personal Training can find that proper differentiation strategy, they can expect long term success through attracting new customers and retaining them as well. A more specific business plan will help define that strategy.